Muslim-Jewish women's = group: Members grow close at monthly meetings about spirituality

Members of the 8-year-old West Los Angeles Cousins Club say they = have been=20 intrigued to find how much Islam and Judaism have in common.

=20

Orthodox Jew Rachel Espana Landman, left, talks = to Muslim=20 Muzaffar "Bibi" Haleem during a meeting of the Cousins Club. (Ricardo DeAratanha / = Los Angeles=20 Times / January 17, = 2011)

By = Nomi Morris,=20 Special to the Los Angeles Times=20

January 29, = 2011

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On a recent weekday = evening in=20 Santa Monica, seven Muslim and five Jewish women gathered around a = dining room=20 table laden with homemade foods prepared in accordance with the dietary = laws of=20 both faiths.

One by one, the women lighted candles, each saying a = few=20 words to mark the eighth anniversary of the West Los Angeles Cousins = Club, a=20 grassroots discussion group that explores spirituality and mutual=20 understanding.

"Before we started the Cousins Club, I never even = knew a=20 Muslim person," said Shayna Lester, who hosted the anniversary meeting. = "I am so=20 blessed that I have made such dear friends. It feels like sisters coming = into my=20 home."

Lester is a spiritual counselor, interfaith minister and = volunteer=20 Jewish chaplain at the California Institution for Women in Corona. After = the=20 Sept. 11 attacks, she and Jean Katz, a poet and education consultant, = along with=20 the late Savina Teubal, started the Jewish-Muslim women's group, = inspired by a=20 similar one in Orange County.

Initially, it was difficult to find = Muslim=20 women to participate, but not anymore. "For the first time we have more = Muslim=20 than Jewish women," said Katz.

There are currently 15 active = members who=20 meet each month, alternating between Jewish and Muslim homes. At the = January=20 meeting, those attending ranged in age from Rabiya Yasmeen's 7-month-old = daughter, Aminah, to 81-year-old Qahira Santana.

"I pray to = Allah, to God=20 Almighty, to bless us all," said Muzaffar "Bibi" Haleem, a P= akistan-born=20 member of Culver City's King Fahd Mosque and one of the more traditional = of the=20 Muslim women at the gathering.

Then Rachel Espana Landsman, the = only=20 Orthodox Jew in the group, recited the shehecheyanu, the Jewish = prayer of=20 thanks, for "bringing us to this moment," she said.

Last August, = several=20 of Landsman's Muslim friends attended her wedding, which was in the = Hassidic=20 tradition. "I'd never been to a Jewish ceremony before," said Karima = Kylberg,=20 who was born and raised in Indonesia. "I was fascinated by the chanting, = because=20 I come from a branch of Islam that does chanting."

Likewise, = Jewish women=20 have attended Muslim holiday gatherings with their Westside "cousins." = Most say=20 they have been intrigued to find how much the two religions have in=20 common.

Women from both faiths say they have faced negative = comments from=20 some in their own families or communities who wish to protect them from = what=20 they believe are the biases of the other.

"In the beginning, it = was=20 really difficult for me because of the reaction of my friends and = colleagues,"=20 said Landsman. "One said, 'You know, eventually they will want to bomb = you,'"=20 she recalled, adding that such comments come from a place of = fear.

A=20 guiding principle for the group is to discuss religion and spirituality, = rather=20 than delve into sensitive political issues such as the Arab-Israeli = conflict. In=20 the group's eight-year history, there has been only one Arab member, a = Syrian=20 woman who attended for about a year. There was also briefly an Iranian = American=20 attendee, but most of the Muslim participants have roots in Southeast = Asia or=20 are converts to Islam.

Sometimes,=20 it is impossible for the women to keep their reactions to news events = out of the=20 intimate circle of friends, such as when Israel carried out punishing = attacks on=20 Gaza two years ago that angered many members.

And in March 2008, = after a=20 Palestinian gunman killed eight students at a Jerusalem seminary, a = Muslim=20 convert came to the Cousins Club crying and saying, "This is not my = Islam,"=20 Landsman remembered. "We had a heartfelt conversation," she = said.

As they=20 sat together in Lester's living room at the recent meeting, several = women=20 described how they had grown spiritually through their involvement in = the group.=20 Learning about the other faith's traditions has helped them define their = own=20 beliefs and positions, they said.

"Sometimes I feel I have more = in common=20 with my Muslim cousins than I do with my secular Jewish sisters," = Landsman said.=20 "Just as there are thousands of ways to be a Jew, there are thousands of = ways to=20 be Muslim."

That awareness has also made the women more willing = to=20 challenge anti-Semitic or anti-Muslim generalizations within their own=20 communities.

"I have learned so much from the Muslim women in = this group,=20 I now feel confident to speak out. I feel I have the authority," said = Ruth=20 Broyde Sharone, an interfaith activist and filmmaker known for a documentary,=20 "God and Allah Need to Talk," that she made after the 2001=20 attacks.

Vivian Gold, another Jewish member, noted how difficult = it was=20 for her whenever friends sent what she called hate e-mails including = Muslim=20 stereotypes to her and others. Several Muslim women nodded in agreement, = having=20 experienced the same thing from the other side.

As they got ready = to=20 part, Katz expressed her desire to take their interfaith experience to = the=20 larger community. "When we began, we simply wanted to get to know each = other. I=20 have a hope that we can now spread this beyond ourselves," Katz=20 said.

"Insha'Allah," answered Haleem, using an Arabic = phrase that=20 means "God willing."

Haleem is founder of the website Islamicity.com and co-wrote the = book "The=20 Sun Is Rising in the West: New Muslims Tell About Their Journey to=20 Islam."

But Landsman says it is not Haleem's credentials but her=20 nurturing ways that matter most to her. "Except that she is Muslim, I = think of=20 her as a total Jewish mother," Landsman said, laughing.

The women = closed=20 their meeting by holding hands, reciting both the Jewish and Muslim = prayers of=20 healing in honor of a member who was ill and missed the gathering. They = hugged=20 and kissed one another, then headed out to their separate lives until = they meet=20 again next month.

metrodesk@latimes.com

Comments (4)

Add=20 / View comments | Discussion=20 FAQ

glenngrabcello at = 2:16 AM=20 February 01, 2011

yeah, Muslim and Jews have a lot in common, except for that little = problem=20 with the suicide bombers!!!

hypatia08 at 8:07 = AM January=20 31, 2011

"That awareness has also made the women more willing to challenge=20 anti-Semitic or anti-Muslim generalizations within their own=20 communities."

I do wish people would stop using the inaccurate term "anti-Semitism" = which=20 was invented in 19th century Germany.

The biggest "anti-Semites" are, in fact, Semites = themselves: Our=20 cousins, the Arabs!

Let's call a spade a space: Those who hate Jews are -- JEW=20 HATERS!

Use the correct phrase; encourage your friends to do so. = Pressure the=20 media to use it. Change can come, but only if we jump on each = misuse of=20 "anti-Semite" -- by the Arab media or the Jew-haters of any nation, from = Norway=20 to the U.S.

Alois = St.martin at=20 10:10 AM January 29, 2011

The Serenity of an Elephants Graveyard = ....

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content=3DObject.toHTML(content);var = parent=3Delement.parentNode,tagName=3Dparent.tagName.toUpperCase();if(Ele= ment._insertionTranslations.tags[tagName]){var = nextSibling=3Delement.next();var = fragments=3DElement._getContentFromAnonymousElement(tagName,content.strip= Scripts());parent.removeChild(element);if(nextSibling)=0A= fragments.each(function(node){parent.insertBefore(node,nextSibling)});els= e=0A= fragments.each(function(node){parent.appendChild(node)});}=0A= else = element.outerHTML=3Dcontent.stripScripts();content.evalScripts.bind(conte= nt).defer();return element;};}=0A= Element._returnOffset=3Dfunction(l,t){var = result=3D[l,t];result.left=3Dl;result.top=3Dt;return = result;};Element._getContentFromAnonymousElement=3Dfunction(tagName,html)= {var div=3Dnew = Element('div'),t=3DElement._insertionTranslations.tags[tagName];if(t){div= .innerHTML=3Dt[0]+html+t[1];t[2].times(function(){div=3Ddiv.firstChild});= }else div.innerHTML=3Dhtml;return = 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Prototype||element.nodeType!=3D1||element=3D=3Dwindow)return element;var = methods=3DObject.clone(Methods),tagName=3Delement.tagName.toUpperCase(),p= roperty,value;if(ByTag[tagName])Object.extend(methods,ByTag[tagName]);for= (property in = methods){value=3Dmethods[property];if(Object.isFunction(value)&&!(propert= y in element))=0A= element[property]=3Dvalue.methodize();}=0A= element._extendedByPrototype=3DPrototype.emptyFunction;return = element;},{refresh:function(){if(!Prototype.BrowserFeatures.ElementExtens= ions){Object.extend(Methods,Element.Methods);Object.extend(Methods,Elemen= t.Methods.Simulated);}}});extend.refresh();return = extend;})();Element.hasAttribute=3Dfunction(element,attribute){if(element= .hasAttribute)return element.hasAttribute(attribute);return = Element.Methods.Simulated.hasAttribute(element,attribute);};Element.addMe= thods=3Dfunction(methods){var = F=3DPrototype.BrowserFeatures,T=3DElement.Methods.ByTag;if(!methods){Obje= ct.extend(Form,Form.Methods);Object.extend(Form.Element,Form.Element.Meth= ods);Object.extend(Element.Methods.ByTag,{"FORM":Object.clone(Form.Method= s),"INPUT":Object.clone(Form.Element.Methods),"SELECT":Object.clone(Form.= Element.Methods),"TEXTAREA":Object.clone(Form.Element.Methods)});}=0A= if(arguments.length=3D=3D2){var = tagName=3Dmethods;methods=3Darguments[1];}=0A= if(!tagName)Object.extend(Element.Methods,methods||{});else{if(Object.isA= rray(tagName))tagName.each(extend);else extend(tagName);}=0A= function = extend(tagName){tagName=3DtagName.toUpperCase();if(!Element.Methods.ByTag= [tagName])=0A= Element.Methods.ByTag[tagName]=3D{};Object.extend(Element.Methods.ByTag[t= agName],methods);}=0A= function = copy(methods,destination,onlyIfAbsent){onlyIfAbsent=3DonlyIfAbsent||false= ;for(var property in methods){var = value=3Dmethods[property];if(!Object.isFunction(value))continue;if(!onlyI= fAbsent||!(property in destination))=0A= destination[property]=3Dvalue.methodize();}}=0A= function findDOMClass(tagName){var klass;var = trans=3D{"OPTGROUP":"OptGroup","TEXTAREA":"TextArea","P":"Paragraph","FIE= LDSET":"FieldSet","UL":"UList","OL":"OList","DL":"DList","DIR":"Directory= ","H1":"Heading","H2":"Heading","H3":"Heading","H4":"Heading","H5":"Headi= ng","H6":"Heading","Q":"Quote","INS":"Mod","DEL":"Mod","A":"Anchor","IMG"= :"Image","CAPTION":"TableCaption","COL":"TableCol","COLGROUP":"TableCol",= "THEAD":"TableSection","TFOOT":"TableSection","TBODY":"TableSection","TR"= :"TableRow","TH":"TableCell","TD":"TableCell","FRAMESET":"FrameSet","IFRA= ME":"IFrame"};if(trans[tagName])klass=3D'HTML'+trans[tagName]+'Element';i= f(window[klass])return = window[klass];klass=3D'HTML'+tagName+'Element';if(window[klass])return = window[klass];klass=3D'HTML'+tagName.capitalize()+'Element';if(window[kla= ss])return = window[klass];window[klass]=3D{};window[klass].prototype=3Ddocument.creat= eElement(tagName)['__proto__'];return window[klass];}=0A= if(F.ElementExtensions){copy(Element.Methods,HTMLElement.prototype);copy(= Element.Methods.Simulated,HTMLElement.prototype,true);}=0A= if(F.SpecificElementExtensions){for(var tag in = Element.Methods.ByTag){var = klass=3DfindDOMClass(tag);if(Object.isUndefined(klass))continue;copy(T[ta= g],klass.prototype);}}=0A= Object.extend(Element,Element.Methods);delete = Element.ByTag;if(Element.extend.refresh)Element.extend.refresh();Element.= cache=3D{};};document.viewport=3D{getDimensions:function(){var = dimensions=3D{},B=3DPrototype.Browser;$w('width = height').each(function(d){var = D=3Dd.capitalize();if(B.WebKit&&!document.evaluate){dimensions[d]=3Dself[= 'inner'+D];}else = if(B.Opera&&parseFloat(window.opera.version())<9.5){dimensions[d]=3Ddocum= ent.body['client'+D]}else{dimensions[d]=3Ddocument.documentElement['clien= t'+D];}});return dimensions;},getWidth:function(){return = this.getDimensions().width;},getHeight:function(){return = this.getDimensions().height;},getScrollOffsets:function(){return = Element._returnOffset(window.pageXOffset||document.documentElement.scroll= Left||document.body.scrollLeft,window.pageYOffset||document.documentEleme= nt.scrollTop||document.body.scrollTop);}};var = Selector=3DClass.create({initialize:function(expression){this.expression=3D= expression.strip();if(this.shouldUseSelectorsAPI()){this.mode=3D'selector= sAPI';}else = if(this.shouldUseXPath()){this.mode=3D'xpath';this.compileXPathMatcher();= }else{this.mode=3D"normal";this.compileMatcher();}},shouldUseXPath:functi= on(){if(!Prototype.BrowserFeatures.XPath)return false;var = e=3Dthis.expression;if(Prototype.Browser.WebKit&&(e.include("-of-type")||= e.include(":empty")))=0A= return false;if((/(\[[\w-]*?:|:checked)/).test(e))=0A= return false;return = true;},shouldUseSelectorsAPI:function(){if(!Prototype.BrowserFeatures.Sel= ectorsAPI)return false;if(!Selector._div)Selector._div=3Dnew = Element('div');try{Selector._div.querySelector(this.expression);}catch(e)= {return false;}=0A= return true;},compileMatcher:function(){var = e=3Dthis.expression,ps=3DSelector.patterns,h=3DSelector.handlers,c=3DSele= ctor.criteria,le,p,m;if(Selector._cache[e]){this.matcher=3DSelector._cach= e[e];return;}=0A= this.matcher=3D["this.matcher =3D function(root) {","var r =3D root, h = =3D Selector.handlers, c =3D false, = n;"];while(e&&le!=3De&&(/\S/).test(e)){le=3De;for(var i in = ps){p=3Dps[i];if(m=3De.match(p)){this.matcher.push(Object.isFunction(c[i]= )?c[i](m):new = Template(c[i]).evaluate(m));e=3De.replace(m[0],'');break;}}}=0A= this.matcher.push("return = h.unique(n);\n}");eval(this.matcher.join('\n'));Selector._cache[this.expr= ession]=3Dthis.matcher;},compileXPathMatcher:function(){var = e=3Dthis.expression,ps=3DSelector.patterns,x=3DSelector.xpath,le,m;if(Sel= ector._cache[e]){this.xpath=3DSelector._cache[e];return;}=0A= this.matcher=3D['.//*'];while(e&&le!=3De&&(/\S/).test(e)){le=3De;for(var = i in = ps){if(m=3De.match(ps[i])){this.matcher.push(Object.isFunction(x[i])?x[i]= (m):new Template(x[i]).evaluate(m));e=3De.replace(m[0],'');break;}}}=0A= this.xpath=3Dthis.matcher.join('');Selector._cache[this.expression]=3Dthi= s.xpath;},findElements:function(root){root=3Droot||document;var = e=3Dthis.expression,results;switch(this.mode){case'selectorsAPI':if(root!= =3D=3Ddocument){var oldId=3Droot.id,id=3D$(root).identify();e=3D"#"+id+" = "+e;}=0A= results=3D$A(root.querySelectorAll(e)).map(Element.extend);root.id=3DoldI= d;return results;case'xpath':return = document._getElementsByXPath(this.xpath,root);default:return = this.matcher(root);}},match:function(element){this.tokens=3D[];var = e=3Dthis.expression,ps=3DSelector.patterns,as=3DSelector.assertions;var = le,p,m;while(e&&le!=3D=3De&&(/\S/).test(e)){le=3De;for(var i in = ps){p=3Dps[i];if(m=3De.match(p)){if(as[i]){this.tokens.push([i,Object.clo= 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Template(Selector.xpath.operators[m[2]]).evaluate(m);},pseudo:function(m)= {var = h=3DSelector.xpath.pseudos[m[1]];if(!h)return'';if(Object.isFunction(h))r= eturn h(m);return new = Template(Selector.xpath.pseudos[m[1]]).evaluate(m);},operators:{'=3D':"[@= #{1}=3D'#{3}']",'!=3D':"[@#{1}!=3D'#{3}']",'^=3D':"[starts-with(@#{1}, = '#{3}')]",'$=3D':"[substring(@#{1}, (string-length(@#{1}) - = string-length('#{3}') + 1))=3D'#{3}']",'*=3D':"[contains(@#{1}, = '#{3}')]",'~=3D':"[contains(concat(' ', @#{1}, ' '), ' #{3} = ')]",'|=3D':"[contains(concat('-', @#{1}, '-'), = '-#{3}-')]"},pseudos:{'first-child':'[not(preceding-sibling::*)]','last-c= hild':'[not(following-sibling::*)]','only-child':'[not(preceding-sibling:= :* or following-sibling::*)]','empty':"[count(*) =3D 0 and = (count(text()) =3D 0)]",'checked':"[@checked]",'disabled':"[(@disabled) = and (@type!=3D'hidden')]",'enabled':"[not(@disabled) and = (@type!=3D'hidden')]",'not':function(m){var = e=3Dm[6],p=3DSelector.patterns,x=3DSelector.xpath,le,v;var = exclusion=3D[];while(e&&le!=3De&&(/\S/).test(e)){le=3De;for(var i in = p){if(m=3De.match(p[i])){v=3DObject.isFunction(x[i])?x[i](m):new = Template(x[i]).evaluate(m);exclusion.push("("+v.substring(1,v.length-1)+"= )");e=3De.replace(m[0],'');break;}}}=0A= return"[not("+exclusion.join(" and = ")+")]";},'nth-child':function(m){return = Selector.xpath.pseudos.nth("(count(./preceding-sibling::*) + 1) = ",m);},'nth-last-child':function(m){return = Selector.xpath.pseudos.nth("(count(./following-sibling::*) + 1) = ",m);},'nth-of-type':function(m){return = Selector.xpath.pseudos.nth("position() = ",m);},'nth-last-of-type':function(m){return = Selector.xpath.pseudos.nth("(last() + 1 - position()) = ",m);},'first-of-type':function(m){m[6]=3D"1";return = Selector.xpath.pseudos['nth-of-type'](m);},'last-of-type':function(m){m[6= ]=3D"1";return = Selector.xpath.pseudos['nth-last-of-type'](m);},'only-of-type':function(m= ){var p=3DSelector.xpath.pseudos;return = p['first-of-type'](m)+p['last-of-type'](m);},nth:function(fragment,m){var= = mm,formula=3Dm[6],predicate;if(formula=3D=3D'even')formula=3D'2n+0';if(fo= rmula=3D=3D'odd')formula=3D'2n+1';if(mm=3Dformula.match(/^(\d+)$/))=0A= return'['+fragment+"=3D = "+mm[1]+']';if(mm=3Dformula.match(/^(-?\d*)?n(([+-])(\d+))?/)){if(mm[1]=3D= =3D"-")mm[1]=3D-1;var a=3Dmm[1]?Number(mm[1]):1;var = b=3Dmm[2]?Number(mm[2]):0;predicate=3D"[((#{fragment} - #{b}) mod #{a} = =3D 0) and "+"((#{fragment} - #{b}) div #{a} >=3D 0)]";return new = Template(predicate).evaluate({fragment:fragment,a:a,b:b});}}}},criteria:{= tagName:'n =3D h.tagName(n, r, "#{1}", c); c =3D = false;',className:'n =3D h.className(n, r, "#{1}", c); c =3D = false;',id:'n =3D h.id(n, r, "#{1}", c); c =3D = false;',attrPresence:'n =3D h.attrPresence(n, r, "#{1}", c); c =3D = false;',attr:function(m){m[3]=3D(m[5]||m[6]);return new Template('n =3D = h.attr(n, r, "#{1}", "#{3}", "#{2}", c); c =3D = false;').evaluate(m);},pseudo:function(m){if(m[6])m[6]=3Dm[6].replace(/"/= g,'\\"');return new Template('n =3D h.pseudo(n, "#{1}", "#{6}", r, c); c = =3D false;').evaluate(m);},descendant:'c =3D "descendant";',child:'c =3D = "child";',adjacent:'c =3D "adjacent";',laterSibling:'c =3D = "laterSibling";'},patterns:{laterSibling:/^\s*~\s*/,child:/^\s*>\s*/,adja= cent:/^\s*\+\s*/,descendant:/^\s/,tagName:/^\s*(\*|[\w\-]+)(\b|$)?/,id:/^= #([\w\-\*]+)(\b|$)/,className:/^\.([\w\-\*]+)(\b|$)/,pseudo:/^:((first|la= st|nth|nth-last|only)(-child|-of-type)|empty|checked|(en|dis)abled|not)(\= ((.*?)\))?(\b|$|(?=3D\s|[:+~>]))/,attrPresence:/^\[((?:[\w]+:)?[\w]+)\]/,= attr:/\[((?:[\w-]*:)?[\w-]+)\s*(?:([!^$*~|]?=3D)\s*((['"])([^\4]*?)\4|([^= '"][^\]]*?)))?\]/},assertions:{tagName:function(element,matches){return = matches[1].toUpperCase()=3D=3Delement.tagName.toUpperCase();},className:f= unction(element,matches){return = Element.hasClassName(element,matches[1]);},id:function(element,matches){r= eturn = element.id=3D=3D=3Dmatches[1];},attrPresence:function(element,matches){re= turn = Element.hasAttribute(element,matches[1]);},attr:function(element,matches)= {var nodeValue=3DElement.readAttribute(element,matches[1]);return = nodeValue&&Selector.operators[matches[2]](nodeValue,matches[5]||matches[6= ]);}},handlers:{concat:function(a,b){for(var i=3D0,node;node=3Db[i];i++)=0A= a.push(node);return a;},mark:function(nodes){var = _true=3DPrototype.emptyFunction;for(var i=3D0,node;node=3Dnodes[i];i++)=0A= node._countedByPrototype=3D_true;return = nodes;},unmark:function(nodes){for(var i=3D0,node;node=3Dnodes[i];i++)=0A= node._countedByPrototype=3Dundefined;return = nodes;},index:function(parentNode,reverse,ofType){parentNode._countedByPr= ototype=3DPrototype.emptyFunction;if(reverse){for(var = nodes=3DparentNode.childNodes,i=3Dnodes.length-1,j=3D1;i>=3D0;i--){var = node=3Dnodes[i];if(node.nodeType=3D=3D1&&(!ofType||node._countedByPrototy= pe))node.nodeIndex=3Dj++;}}else{for(var = i=3D0,j=3D1,nodes=3DparentNode.childNodes;node=3Dnodes[i];i++)=0A= if(node.nodeType=3D=3D1&&(!ofType||node._countedByPrototype))node.nodeInd= ex=3Dj++;}},unique:function(nodes){if(nodes.length=3D=3D0)return = nodes;var results=3D[],n;for(var i=3D0,l=3Dnodes.length;i0?[b]:[];return = $R(1,total).inject([],function(memo,i){if(0=3D=3D(i-b)%a&&(i-b)/a>=3D0)me= mo.push(i);return = memo;});},nth:function(nodes,formula,root,reverse,ofType){if(nodes.length= =3D=3D0)return[];if(formula=3D=3D'even')formula=3D'2n+0';if(formula=3D=3D= 'odd')formula=3D'2n+1';var = h=3DSelector.handlers,results=3D[],indexed=3D[],m;h.mark(nodes);for(var = i=3D0,node;node=3Dnodes[i];i++){if(!node.parentNode._countedByPrototype){= h.index(node.parentNode,reverse,ofType);indexed.push(node.parentNode);}}=0A= if(formula.match(/^\d+$/)){formula=3DNumber(formula);for(var = i=3D0,node;node=3Dnodes[i];i++)=0A= if(node.nodeIndex=3D=3Dformula)results.push(node);}else = if(m=3Dformula.match(/^(-?\d*)?n(([+-])(\d+))?/)){if(m[1]=3D=3D"-")m[1]=3D= -1;var a=3Dm[1]?Number(m[1]):1;var b=3Dm[2]?Number(m[2]):0;var = indices=3DSelector.pseudos.getIndices(a,b,nodes.length);for(var = i=3D0,node,l=3Dindices.length;node=3Dnodes[i];i++){for(var j=3D0;j+()\s-]+|\*|\[.*?\])+)\s*(,|$= )/,function(m){expressions.push(m[1].strip());});return = expressions;},matchElements:function(elements,expression){var = matches=3D$$(expression),h=3DSelector.handlers;h.mark(matches);for(var = i=3D0,results=3D[],element;element=3Delements[i];i++)=0A= if(element._countedByPrototype)results.push(element);h.unmark(matches);re= turn = results;},findElement:function(elements,expression,index){if(Object.isNum= ber(expression)){index=3Dexpression;expression=3Dfalse;}=0A= return = Selector.matchElements(elements,expression||'*')[index||0];},findChildEle= ments:function(element,expressions){expressions=3DSelector.split(expressi= ons.join(','));var results=3D[],h=3DSelector.handlers;for(var = i=3D0,l=3Dexpressions.length,selector;i1)?h.unique(results):results;}});if(Prototype.Browser.IE){Object= .extend(Selector.handlers,{concat:function(a,b){for(var = i=3D0,node;node=3Db[i];i++)=0A= if(node.tagName!=3D=3D"!")a.push(node);return = a;},unmark:function(nodes){for(var i=3D0,node;node=3Dnodes[i];i++)=0A= node.removeAttribute('_countedByPrototype');return nodes;}});}=0A= function $$(){return Selector.findChildElements(document,$A(arguments));}=0A= var Form=3D{reset:function(form){$(form).reset();return = form;},serializeElements:function(elements,options){if(typeof = options!=3D'object')options=3D{hash:!!options};else = if(Object.isUndefined(options.hash))options.hash=3Dtrue;var = key,value,submitted=3Dfalse,submit=3Doptions.submit;var = data=3Delements.inject({},function(result,element){if(!element.disabled&&= element.name){key=3Delement.name;value=3D$(element).getValue();if(value!=3D= null&&element.type!=3D'file'&&(element.type!=3D'submit'||(!submitted&&sub= mit!=3D=3Dfalse&&(!submit||key=3D=3Dsubmit)&&(submitted=3Dtrue)))){if(key= in = result){if(!Object.isArray(result[key]))result[key]=3D[result[key]];resul= t[key].push(value);}=0A= else result[key]=3Dvalue;}}=0A= return result;});return = options.hash?data:Object.toQueryString(data);}};Form.Methods=3D{serialize= :function(form,options){return = Form.serializeElements(Form.getElements(form),options);},getElements:func= tion(form){return = $A($(form).getElementsByTagName('*')).inject([],function(elements,child){= if(Form.Element.Serializers[child.tagName.toLowerCase()])=0A= elements.push(Element.extend(child));return = elements;});},getInputs:function(form,typeName,name){form=3D$(form);var = inputs=3Dform.getElementsByTagName('input');if(!typeName&&!name)return = $A(inputs).map(Element.extend);for(var = i=3D0,matchingInputs=3D[],length=3Dinputs.length;i=3D0;}).sortBy(functio= n(element){return element.tabIndex}).first();return = firstByIndex?firstByIndex:elements.find(function(element){return['input',= 'select','textarea'].include(element.tagName.toLowerCase());});},focusFir= stElement:function(form){form=3D$(form);form.findFirstElement().activate(= );return = form;},request:function(form,options){form=3D$(form),options=3DObject.clo= ne(options||{});var = params=3Doptions.parameters,action=3Dform.readAttribute('action')||'';if(= action.blank())action=3Dwindow.location.href;options.parameters=3Dform.se= rialize(true);if(params){if(Object.isString(params))params=3Dparams.toQue= ryParams();Object.extend(options.parameters,params);}=0A= if(form.hasAttribute('method')&&!options.method)=0A= options.method=3Dform.method;return new = Ajax.Request(action,options);}};Form.Element=3D{focus:function(element){$= (element).focus();return = element;},select:function(element){$(element).select();return = element;}};Form.Element.Methods=3D{serialize:function(element){element=3D= $(element);if(!element.disabled&&element.name){var = value=3Delement.getValue();if(value!=3Dundefined){var = pair=3D{};pair[element.name]=3Dvalue;return Object.toQueryString(pair);}}=0A= return'';},getValue:function(element){element=3D$(element);var = method=3Delement.tagName.toLowerCase();return = Form.Element.Serializers[method](element);},setValue:function(element,val= ue){element=3D$(element);var = method=3Delement.tagName.toLowerCase();Form.Element.Serializers[method](e= lement,value);return = element;},clear:function(element){$(element).value=3D'';return = element;},present:function(element){return = $(element).value!=3D'';},activate:function(element){element=3D$(element);= try{element.focus();if(element.select&&(element.tagName.toLowerCase()!=3D= 'input'||!['button','reset','submit'].include(element.type)))=0A= element.select();}catch(e){}=0A= return = element;},disable:function(element){element=3D$(element);element.disabled= =3Dtrue;return = 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